The Faculté de Médecine, founded around 1220, is the oldest continuously operating medical school in the Western world. The school originally drew on the medical traditions of Salerno, Cordoba and Baghdad — Montpellier's relative proximity to Muslim Spain and the Jewish trading networks of the Mediterranean made it a centre of medical knowledge well before the great universities of Paris and Bologna.
The handsome 14th-century building, attached to Saint-Pierre Cathedral, is still a working faculty. Inside is the Musée d'Anatomie (anatomy museum, viewable by appointment) and the Musée Atger drawings collection. Even from outside, the courtyard and the great staircase are worth a look — ask politely at the gatehouse and you can usually wander in.