The Netherlands is a healthy, clean country and no vaccinations are required to visit. Standards of healthcare are high. EU visitors should carry an EHIC card (or its post-Brexit replacement for UK citizens) to access state healthcare on the same terms as Dutch residents. Non-EU travellers need comprehensive travel insurance — medical costs can be significant.
For minor ailments, pharmacies (apotheek) are easy to find, staff usually speak English, and many common medications are available over the counter. If you need to see a doctor, walk-in appointments (spreekuur) are usually available in the morning, though you may wait an hour or more. Payment is expected upfront and later claimed from your insurer.
Tap water is safe to drink throughout the country. Air quality is generally good, though central Amsterdam and Rotterdam can be congested with traffic and the associated pollution in summer. Cyclists should be aware that mopeds (snorfietsen) are now banned from most city cycling lanes in Amsterdam, but the mixing of bikes and e-bikes of varying speeds requires attention.
The main health irritant for visitors is not disease but weather: the combination of damp cold and unexpected rain catches many travellers off guard. Pack a waterproof layer regardless of the season.