Sweden's northernmost military air base, F21, was established at Luleå during the Second World War and remained active through the Cold War. The Flygmuseet F21 occupies part of the original airfield and displays an impressive collection of Swedish military aircraft, from piston-engined fighters of the 1940s through to jet aircraft of the Cold War era.
The collection includes several rare examples of Swedish aircraft design, including versions of the Draken and Viggen fighters that are no longer found elsewhere. The exhibits are particularly strong on the specific role of this base — defending northern Sweden, watching the Soviet border — and there is substantial material on the Cold War context. The museum is located about five kilometres south of the city centre, adjacent to the active Luleå Airport. Open in summer; hours are limited out of season.