Costa Rica has one of the best healthcare systems in Latin America. The public network (CAJA or CCSS — Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social) provides universal coverage to residents and, in emergencies, to anyone who needs it. Private clinics are available in San José and major tourist areas and offer faster service.
Mosquito-borne illness
Dengue fever is present throughout the year and spikes during the rainy season (May–November). It's spread by daytime-biting Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms resemble severe flu — high fever, headache, joint pain, and sometimes a rash. There is no specific treatment; rest and hydration are the main response. Use DEET-based repellent, wear long sleeves and trousers in forested areas, and sleep in screened rooms.
Malaria risk is low but not zero, especially in Limón province (the rainforest areas, not the city itself). Check current recommendations with your doctor before travel.
Zika virus has been circulating in Costa Rica; pregnant women should consult medical advice before visiting.
Water and food
Tap water is safe to drink in San José and most urban areas. In remote areas and on the Caribbean coast, stick to bottled or filtered water.
Vaccinations
Standard travel vaccinations — hepatitis A and B, typhoid, tetanus — are recommended. Yellow fever vaccination is required if you're arriving from certain countries in Africa or South America; check current entry requirements.
Medical care
Private hospitals in San José (Hospital Clínica Bíblica, Hospital CIMA Escazú) are well-equipped and have English-speaking staff. Outside the capital, medical facilities vary in quality. Travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is strongly recommended.
Pharmacies (farmacias) are widespread and pharmacists can advise on many conditions. Prescription medications are often available over the counter.