Ethiopian Airlines operates an extensive domestic network, and flying is by far the easiest way to cover the Historic Route. Flights connect Addis Ababa with Lalibela, Gondar, Axum, Bahar Dar, Mekele, Harar (via Dire Dawa), and Jinka. Fares are reasonable, especially if you book in conjunction with an international Ethiopian Airlines ticket, which qualifies for discounted domestic rates. Book early — popular routes fill up.
Long-distance buses connect major cities and are cheap but slow. Selam Bus and Sky Bus are the most comfortable operators, running modern coaches with assigned seats on main routes. Local buses are crowded and often depart at dawn. For the Historic Route by road, expect full-day journeys between stops — the scenery is beautiful but the roads are winding.
Minibuses cover shorter routes and run when full, which can mean long waits or a very tight squeeze. They are the main transport option in areas not served by long-distance coaches.
The Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway, a modern Chinese-built line, connects the capital with the eastern lowlands. It runs through Dire Dawa and Adama but services can be irregular.
Renting a car with a driver is common for travelers who want flexibility, especially in the south where public transport is limited. Self-driving is possible but challenging — roads outside major highways are rough, signage is minimal, and livestock wander freely. A 4WD is essential for the Omo Valley and the Danakil. Tour operators in Addis can arrange vehicles and drivers for multi-day trips.
Within Addis Ababa, ride-hailing apps work well, and blue minibus taxis run fixed routes across the city for a few birr. The city also has a light rail line, the first in sub-Saharan Africa.