Phoenix Settlement

Gandhi's South African home and the cradle of satyagraha

Phoenix Settlement was Mahatma Gandhi's experimental commune outside Durban, the place where he developed his philosophy of non-violent resistance, satyagraha. He lived here between 1904 and 1914, ran the Indian Opinion newspaper from a small press on site, and turned the farm into a self-sufficient community of co-workers from all races.

The settlement was burnt down during anti-Indian riots in 1985 but has been carefully reconstructed. A small museum displays Gandhi's books, his sandals, and reproductions of Indian Opinion; his original Kasturba house has been rebuilt on its foundations. Best visited as part of the Inanda Heritage Route with a guide.

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Gandhi bought the 100-acre farm in 1904 with the writer Henry Polak after reading Ruskin's Unto This Last. He lived here on and off until 1914, founding the Indian Opinion newspaper, raising his sons, and developing the non-violent resistance he would later use against the British in India.