By air
Rome has two airports. Fiumicino (FCO) — Leonardo da Vinci — is the main international hub, 26km southwest of the city. The fastest way into town is the Leonardo Express train to Stazione Termini (€14, 32 minutes, every 15 minutes). The cheaper option is the FL1 regional train (€8, 45–60 minutes) which stops at Trastevere, Ostiense, Tuscolana, and Tiburtina — useful if you're not staying near Termini. Taxis from Fiumicino to the city centre are a fixed €50.
Ciampino (CIA) is used by Ryanair and some charter operators, 20km southeast. There is no rail link — the standard option is a Terravision or SIT shuttle bus to Termini (€6, ~45 minutes). Taxis are a fixed €31 to the city centre.
By train
Rome's main station is Stazione Termini, on the eastern edge of the historic centre. High-speed Frecciarossa and Italo services connect Rome to Florence (1h 20min), Milan (3h), Naples (1h 10min), and Venice (3h 45min). Book in advance on trenitalia.com or italotreno.it — early fares can be well under half the walk-up price. Tiburtina station handles some long-distance and overnight trains.
By car
Four motorways feed into Rome's ring road (the Grande Raccordo Anulare): the A1 from Florence and Milan to the north, the A1 from Naples to the south, the A24 from the northeast, and the A12 from Fiumicino to the west. Driving into the historic centre is restricted by a ZTL (Zona a Traffico Limitato) — cameras enforce the zone automatically and fines are sent to your home address. If your hotel is inside the ZTL, the hotel can register your plate to exempt you for the duration of your stay; ask when you book.