National Congress

Niemeyer's iconic dome and bowl, with the twin towers between

The National Congress complex is the most recognisable image of Brasília — a saucer-and-dome composition with twin office towers, anchoring the east end of the Esplanada. The dome (Senate) and the inverted bowl (Chamber of Deputies) face the great open Square of the Three Powers; the white twin towers between them rise from a low base of meeting rooms.

Free guided tours run on weekends and (with advance booking) on weekdays. The tour takes about an hour and goes inside both chambers, the President of the Senate's office, and the Salão Negro lobby — covered in dark Brazilian granite — that connects them.

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A story
The dome and the bowl on either side of the twin office towers are not symbolic decorations — they are the actual chambers of the Brazilian legislature. The convex dome covers the Senate; the concave bowl is the Chamber of Deputies. Niemeyer arranged them that way because, he said, the lower house needed to be wide and open while the senate could be narrower and more concentrated. The two 28-storey administrative towers stand exactly perpendicular to them — for years they were Brasília's tallest buildings.