Machu Picchu is the obvious and essential excursion — most visitors come to Cusco partly or mainly for this. The standard route goes by train from Poroy (near Cusco) or Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley to Aguas Calientes, then by bus up the mountain; the journey takes 3–4 hours each way. Alternatively, the Inca Trail trek (4 days, permit required) approaches from the highland; the shorter Salkantay or Lares alternatives are less crowded and very rewarding.
The Sacred Valley — the valley of the Urubamba River north of Cusco — makes an excellent day or multi-day trip. Pisac's Sunday market, the Inca citadel above it, Ollantaytambo's terraced fortress, and the salt pans and agricultural terraces at Moray are the highlights. Colectivos and tour agencies run circuits of the valley daily.
