Qatar is small enough that most of the country is accessible in a day from Doha. The main trips worth making are Al Zubarah to the north-west (UNESCO World Heritage Site, 105 km), Khor Al Adaid (the Inland Sea, 80 km south, 4WD required), Al Khor for the mangroves and flamingos (50 km north), and Al Wakra for its old souq (15 km south, the easiest trip).
The northern coast between Al Khor and Al Zubarah passes through sparse, flat landscape with occasional camel herds, abandoned fishing settlements, and the salt flats at Umm Tais where flamingos gather in the cooler months. A full day driving this route and stopping at Al Zubarah is one of the better ways to understand what Qatar looked like before the oil era.