On foot: The historic centre of Mytilini is compact and walkable. The south harbour promenade, the market quarter, the Castle, and most of the museums and churches are within 20 minutes of each other on foot. The cobbled streets of the Ottoman market quarter are too narrow for cars in places, which makes them pleasant to explore on foot.
By bus: KTEL buses from the station on the south harbour connect Mytilini to all the main towns on Lesbos — Molyvos, Kalloni, Plomari, Petra. Services are reasonably frequent in summer and thin in winter. The bus station is centrally located and has a posted timetable.
By car or motorbike: Renting a car or scooter is the best way to explore the island beyond Mytilini. Several rental agencies operate near the ferry terminal. Lesbos is large enough (the third-biggest Greek island) that a car makes a real difference if you want to visit the western olive groves, the petrified forest, or the beaches on the north coast.
By taxi: Taxis are metered and inexpensive by western European standards. The main rank is on the south harbour, next to the ferry terminal.