The Afrasiyab Museum sits at the south edge of the ancient mound it is named after, and exists primarily to house one thing: the Sogdian wall paintings discovered here in 1965. The Ambassadors' Painting, dating from the 650s AD, runs around the four walls of a reconstructed reception hall and shows delegations arriving at the Sogdian court — Chinese, Korean, Turkic, Indian. It is the most complete pre-Islamic mural cycle anywhere in Central Asia and one of the most important works of late-antique art in the region.
The rest of the museum is the standard Soviet archaeological-survey arrangement — pottery, coins, terracotta — but is worth a quick walk through. Combine with the Tomb of Daniel and the Ulugh Beg Observatory, all within easy walking or short-taxi distance of each other.