San Sebastian Church

The only all-steel church in Asia, built in 1891 after earthquakes destroyed two previous churches

San Sebastian Church in Quiapo is the only pre-fabricated steel church in Asia, and possibly in the world. Built in 1891 after two successive earthquakes destroyed its predecessors on the same site, the church was designed by Gustave Eiffel's associate Genaro Palacios, with the structural steel fabricated in Belgium and shipped to Manila for assembly.

The exterior is Gothic in style, complete with twin towers, pointed arches, and flying buttresses — all in painted steel. The interior continues the effect, with steel columns, steel vaulted ceiling, and steel altar installations. Everything except the floors and some internal fixtures is metal. The acoustic resonance is unique. The church remains an active parish in a busy commercial neighbourhood; visiting on a weekday morning gives the most peaceful experience.

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A story
After two earlier churches on the site were destroyed by earthquakes in 1645 and 1863, the Augustinian Recollects decided on a different approach. They ordered prefabricated steel panels from a Belgian foundry — the same one that supplied steel for Gustave Eiffel — and assembled the entire structure from imported metal. The result looks like a Gothic cathedral but rings like a bell when you knock on the walls.

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