National and University Library (NUK)

The National and University Library — known by its Slovene initials NUK — is Joze Plečnik's masterpiece in Ljubljana. Built between 1936 and 1941, the building is a synthesis of European modernism and Plečnik's idiosyncratic classicism. The facade combines brick with strips of marble and a row of horse-head capitals on the doorway. The reading room and entrance hall are open to visitors and are worth seeing even without a library card.

The building is still a working library and holds Slovenia's legal deposit collection. The main reading room — a long hall with generous natural light from high windows — is an exceptional space. Visitors are asked not to disrupt library users.

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Plečnik designed the NUK building with a deliberate symbolic programme. The main staircase — entered through a low, dark vestibule before opening into a high, light-filled hall — was intended to represent the transition from darkness to enlightenment. The exterior's mixture of rough stone (symbolising the raw material of nature) and polished marble (representing human refinement) carries the same theme. Plečnik worked on the building from 1936 until its completion in 1941.

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