A vast Soviet-era memorial museum at the foot of the Motherland Monument, covering the German invasion and occupation of Ukraine between 1941 and 1944. The displays are uneven — some of the Soviet triumphalism remains — but the scale of the suffering is conveyed: Ukraine lost between five and seven million people in the war.
Since 2022 a new permanent exhibition has been added on the Russian invasion. Allow at least two hours for the museum and the surrounding outdoor displays of Soviet tanks, planes, and artillery.