Metropolitan Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro

A brutalist concrete pyramid seating 20,000, one of Brazil's most striking modern churches

The Metropolitan Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro is one of Brazil's most arresting pieces of modern architecture. The building is a massive concrete cone — 80 metres in diameter and 75 metres tall — that seats up to 20,000 worshippers. From outside it resembles a Mayan pyramid dropped into the Centro district; from inside, it is something else entirely.

Four enormous stained-glass windows run from floor to almost the apex of the cone, flooding the interior with coloured light. The lack of supporting columns means the entire 20,000-person space is unobstructed — the scale is overwhelming. A small museum in the basement houses religious artefacts and the cardinal's historic vestments. The cathedral is on Avenida República do Chile in Centro, a short walk from the Carioca metro station.

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Completed in 1979, the cathedral was designed by architect Edgar Fonseca in the shape of a truncated cone — inspired by the ancient Mayan pyramids of Mexico. The four enormous stained-glass windows, each 60 metres tall, are divided into the symbolic colours of the Catholic liturgy: green, red, blue, and yellow. When the sun is in the right position, the interior transforms into something between a cave and a celestial light show.

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