A spiral concrete building shaped after a Yanomami maloca (communal roundhouse), inaugurated in 1987 to display Brazil's indigenous heritage. Niemeyer arranged it as a continuous ramp around a central court, with the collection — featherwork, weapons, ceremonial objects, basketry, ceramics, and ritual masks — displayed along the way.
The collection is uneven and the museum has had several closures and reopenings, but the building itself is one of Niemeyer's most thoughtful late works. Small entry fee; check current opening hours before visiting.